旅游企业内部顾客价值初探

在各类企业日益注重"顾客价值"管理实践的今天,部分走在前列的企业已将目光转移到"内部顾客价值"的管理上。本文结合旅游企业的管理实践探讨了"内部顾客价值"的定义,其对旅游企业的重要作用及提高旅游企业内部顾客价值的途径等问题。     

通过多阶段接近的技术价值评价及模型开发

本文分析了基本的技术价值评价模型,为克服其问题和局限,提出多阶段评价方法,试图接近技术的实际价值。在第一阶段利用DC模型计算工作价值;第二阶段假设在工作价值中无形资产占据的比例按工作类型不同,而推算出无形资产对工作价值的支持度;第三阶段测定技术在整个工作价值中占据的比例;第四阶段为了反映出未来收益的不确定性,而适用了实物选择性模型。这不仅克服了基本评价模型的问题和局限,而且更能接近高不确定性的技术资产的实际价值。     

EXISTENCE OF A NONNEGATIVE EQUILIBRIUM PRICE VECTOR IN THE MEAN-VARIANCE CAPITAL MARKET

We derive a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a nonnegative equilibrium price vector under which the total demand and supply of each asset balances in the standard mean-variance capital market. Also, we give an explicit formula for such a price vector. This formula shows that the price of assets is an increasing function of , the weighted average of the requested rate of return of individual investors, which tends to infinity as approaches the expected rate of return on the market portfolio. Further, we construct a macroeconomic index which gives information about the soundness of the capital market.     

低碳经济背景下现代企业的社会责任研究--基于环境资本依赖视角

中国的环境问题日益严峻，企业应承担主要责任，正是由于污染负外部性使企业依赖环境资本获得超级收益。文章从企业以利润最大化为最终目标的角度出发，首先基于柯布-道格拉斯生产模型，分析了环境资本对企业最高收益的影响，发现加入环境资本的三重路径依赖与传统双重路径依赖的资源最优化配置存在差异。其次文章依据污染强度区分行业异质性，运用DEA方法对产业全要素生产率进行了测算，发现考虑了环境资本的绿色全要素生产率普遍下降，进一步印证了环境资本对企业发展的额外贡献。研究发现企业的可持续发展必须克服典型的经济理性，内化环境污染成本，转变为“环境经济人”。同时政府需要实施环境规制，并防止企业发生寻租行为，从体制政策和市场调节多方面入手，提高现代企业主动承担环境社会责任的自觉性，以促进经济可持续发展。     

基于终端准入机制的网络资源管理平台技术研究

本文主要介绍了基于终端准入机制的网络资源管理平台的研究目标、平台架构、设计原则、主要功能以及技术特点。     

Is bitcoin a safe haven or a hedging asset? Evidence from China

Based on daily data about Bitcoin and six other major financial assets (stocks, commodity futures (commodities), gold, foreign exchange (FX), monetary assets, and bonds) in China from 2013 to 2017, we use a VAR-GARCH-BEKK model to investigate mean and volatility spillover effects between Bitcoin and other major assets and explore whether Bitcoin can be used either as a hedging asset or a safe haven. Our empirical results show that (i) only the monetary market, i.e., the Shanghai Interbank Offered Rate (SHIIBOR) has a mean spillover effect on Bitcoin and (ii) gold, monetary, and bond markets have volatility spillover effects on Bitcoin, while Bitcoin has a volatility spillover effect only on the gold market. We further find that Bitcoin can be hedged against stocks, bonds and SHIBOR and is a safe haven when extreme price changes occur in the monetary market. Our findings provide useful information for investors and portfolio risk managers who have invested or hedged with Bitcoin.     

Optimal granularity for portfolio choice

Many optimization-based portfolio rules fail to beat the simple 1/N rule out-of-sample because of parameter uncertainty. In this paper we suggest a grouping strategy in which we first form groups of equally weighted stocks and then optimize over the resulting groups only. This strategy aims at balancing the trade-off between the benefits from optimization and the losses from estimation risk. We rely on Monte-Carlo simulations to illustrate the performance of the strategy, and we derive the optimal group size for a simplified setup. Furthermore, we show that estimation risk also has an impact via the criterion by which the assets are sorted into groups (like the expected excess returns or betas), but does not negate the grouping approach. We relate our work to linear asset pricing models, and we conduct out of sample back-tests in order to confirm the validity of our grouping strategy empirically.     

Demand for fair value accounting: The case of the asset revaluation boom in Korea during the global financial crisis

When the fair value accounting (FVA) option for property, plant, and equipment was introduced in the midst of the global financial crisis, a significant proportion of Korean firms elected FVA. We attribute this unusual boom in asset revaluations to the nation's culture of government intervention and civilian compliance, which was particularly espoused during this period of financial turmoil, and a foreseeable option to switch back to historical cost accounting. We find that among those firms whose debt‐to‐equity ratios are low, public firms opt for the FVA option more often than private firms, suggesting that the need to communicate fair value information with diversified equity holders is more important than the need to do so with creditors. In contrast, among those firms whose debt‐to‐equity ratios are high enough to warrant such unfavorable dispositions as new debt freezes and monitoring by regulators, we find no difference in the FVA choice between private and public firms. These findings imply that during the global financial crisis, private firms that rely heavily on debt financing have a strong incentive to utilize FVA to comply with government guidelines for the debt‐to‐equity ratio and to ease a potential hold‐up problem by influential creditors.     

On the tax bias against investments in fixed assets: Empirical evidence from China

China's new Corporate Income Tax Law was passed in March 2007 and took effect on 1 January 2008. We take advantage of this tax law change and use a difference‐in‐differences approach to empirically estimate the impact of taxation on asset structure. Employing the Chinese Industrial Enterprises Database from 2002 to 2008 to implement the analysis, we find evidence suggesting the presence of tax bias against investments in fixed assets. We address two potential concerns about our analysis and argue that our conclusion is not China‐specific; it is a general lesson for modern finance theory that is portable to developed countries.